What text case means
Case is the choice between capital and small letters. The same words can be written as a shout, a headline, a normal sentence or a variable name, and each style has its own habits. This converter changes your text between thirteen of them in one click, so you do not retype anything. If you also need to check length afterwards, the character counter and the word counter work on the same text.
Cases for writing
UPPERCASE makes every letter a capital. It suits short labels, warnings and acronyms, and it is tiring to read in long passages.
lowercase makes every letter small. It is handy for cleaning text before comparing it, for tags and for casual styles.
Title Case capitalizes the important words of a headline. It is the usual choice for article titles, book titles and page headings.
Sentence case capitalizes only the first word of each sentence, the way normal prose looks. Many modern interfaces and news sites prefer it for headings too.
Capitalize Each Word puts a capital on every word, small words included. It is simple and predictable, and fits names, product lists and menu items.
aLtErNaTiNg case and InVeRsE case are playful styles for jokes and memes. Inverse swaps every letter to its opposite case.
Cases for code
Programmers cannot use spaces in names, so they join words using a convention.
- camelCase starts small and capitalizes each later word:
userFirstName. - PascalCase capitalizes every word:
UserFirstName. It is common for class and component names. - snake_case joins words with underscores in small letters:
user_first_name. - CONSTANT_CASE is snake case in capitals:
MAX_RETRY_COUNT, often used for constants. - kebab-case joins words with hyphens:
user-first-name. It is common in web addresses and CSS. - dot.case joins words with dots:
user.first.name, seen in configuration keys.
For these, the tool converts each line separately, so a list of field names becomes a list of identifiers.
The exact rules this tool follows
Words. A word is a run of letters, digits and accent marks. An apostrophe inside a word keeps it together, so "don't" is one word.
Title Case. The first and last word of each line, and the first word after a full stop, exclamation mark, question mark or colon, are always capitalized. Every other word is capitalized unless it is one of these small words: a, an, the, and, but, or, for, nor, on, at, to, from, by, of, in, with, as, vs, via. In a hyphenated word, the first and last parts are capitalized and small words in the middle stay small, giving "Well-Known" and "State-of-the-Art".
Sentence case. Everything is lowercased, then the first word of the text, of each line and of each sentence is capitalized. A sentence ends at a full stop, exclamation mark or question mark followed by a space. The word "I" and its contractions I'm, I'll, I've and I'd stay capitalized.
Keep ALL-CAPS words. When ticked, words with two or more letters that are already all capitals, such as NASA, stay as they are in Title Case, Sentence case and Capitalize Each Word.
Code cases. Each line is split at spaces, hyphens, underscores, dots and camelCase boundaries. Punctuation and apostrophes are dropped, so "it's" becomes "its".
Letters from other languages. The tool uses the standard Unicode rules of your browser. "é" becomes "É", and the German "ß" becomes "SS" in capitals.
Two worked examples
Example 1: a headline
Input:
the cat in the hat: a story of well-known tricks
- Title Case:
The Cat in the Hat: A Story of Well-Known Tricks - Sentence case:
The cat in the hat: a story of well-known tricks - Capitalize Each Word:
The Cat In The Hat: A Story Of Well-Known Tricks
Example 2: a field name
Input:
Customer first name
- camelCase:
customerFirstName - PascalCase:
CustomerFirstName - snake_case:
customer_first_name - CONSTANT_CASE:
CUSTOMER_FIRST_NAME - kebab-case:
customer-first-name - dot.case:
customer.first.name
Common mistakes
Acronyms. Lowercasing first turns "NASA" into "Nasa". Tick Keep ALL-CAPS words when your text contains acronyms.
Names and brands. The tool cannot know that "iPhone" or "McDonald" has its own capitals, so it will write "Iphone" and "Mcdonald". Fix such names by hand afterwards.
Small words. Style guides disagree about which short words to lowercase, and about words of four letters or more such as "from" or "with". This tool uses the list above. For formal work, check your own style guide.
Abbreviations in Sentence case. A full stop followed by a space starts a new sentence, so "see e.g. this one" becomes "See e.g. This one".
Turkish. The tool does not apply language-specific rules. A dotted capital "İ" lowercases to "i" followed by a combining dot, which is the standard result.
Your text stays private
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